清流雙月刊 NO.29

39 No.29 SEP. 2020. MJIB 疫情啟示 公布《 2020 年特別報告─北京的全球傳 聲 筒 》( Special Report 2020-Beijing ʼ s Global Megaphone ),即彙整大陸推動「大 外宣」的各種手法,指出大陸透過以下手 法,將媒體的報導,塑造成其所偏愛的內 容,包括擴大官方媒體在全球的發聲管道; 向外國主流媒體宣傳官方觀點;培養可以 產生報導有利於己的外國媒體;購買既有 的外國媒體;在社交網站上展開虛假宣傳; 對於報導不利於己的外國媒體施加各種壓 力(如拒絕記者入境、經濟制裁、網路攻 擊、封鎖在大陸的網址連結);控制訊息 傳播的基礎設施。 為反制大陸前述行為,美國國務院在 2 月 18 日,認定《新華社》、《中國環球 電視網》、《中國國際廣播電臺》、《中 國日報》、《人民日報》等 5 家大陸媒體 為「外國使團」,即等同大陸政府的一部 分,必須向國務院提交在美國的工作人員 名單、資料及登記在美國租賃或持有的房 產。大陸則以註銷《華爾街日報》( The Wall Street Journal ) 3 位駐「華」記者的 效期內簽證回應,外界將此稱為美、「中」 的「輿論戰」。 「軟實力」是國家最好的「大外宣」 大陸積極對外提供援助物資,然而在 媒體夸夸其詞的同時,卻被許多國家發現 其所援助物資之品質低劣、效用欠佳。可 見國家的實力,並非媒體吹捧所能造就的。 若實力不足,過度的渲染反而淪為笑柄。 「大外宣」在初始運用階段,外界對 其手法尚不知悉,當然可迅速獲得立竿見 影的成效。然隨時間推進,被他國「看破 手腳」的機率也跟著提高,以致愈來愈多 「假外媒」被識破、「假訊息」被揭穿。 因此,與其誇大其詞地打「輿論戰」或運 用「銳實力」,不如更務 實地加快研發疫苗,以提 升醫療「軟實力」,真正 為全世界人類做出貢獻, 這才是一個國家最好的「大 外宣」。 CHAPTER 1 The goals of the CCP’s global media influence T heCCP’sglobalmedia influence campaigns targetboth overseasChinese andnon-Chinese audiences.Theyhave traditionallybeendesigned to accomplish threeprimary aims, which areevident fromofficial statements, analysisof state media content, andparticular incidents involvingCCP critics: 1. topromoteapositiveviewofChinaandof theCCP’s authoritarian regime; 2. toencourage foreign investment inChinaandopenness to Chinese investmentand strategicengagementabroad;and 3. tomarginalize,demonize,orentirely suppressanti-CCP voices, incisivepoliticalcommentary,andexposés that present theChinesegovernmentand its leaders ina negative light. For theoverseasChinese audience,programming and news coverage indicate the additionalgoalofpromoting nationalistic sentiment andTaiwan’s reunificationwith themainland. Someof thesegoals canbe identified inXi Jinping’s own instructions regarding foreignpropaganda,which haveemphasized trying to “tell agoodChinese story.” In a January 2014 speech,Xiexplainedhis vision toCCP Politburomembers: China shouldbeportrayed as a civilized country featuring a richhistory,ethnicunity, and culturaldiversity, and as anEasternpowerwithgoodgovernment, adeveloped economy, culturalprosperity,nationalunity, andbeautiful scenery.China should alsobe known as a responsible country that advocatespeace anddevelopment, safeguards international fairness and justice, [and]makes apositive contribution tohumanity. 10 Suchmessagingomits theobjectivelynegativedimensions ofChina’s authoritarianpolitical system and rapideconomic development, ranging fromenvironmentalpollution to lack of ruleof law andegregioushuman rights violations against The frontpagesofmajorChinesenewspaperspublished June21,2019, reportingonChinesePresidentXi Jinping'sfirst state visit toNorthKorea. (PhotoCredit:KyodoNewsStills viaGetty Images) FreedomHouse.org FreedomHouse 3 Beijing’s Global Megaphone: The Expansion of Chinese Communist Party Media Influence since 2017 bySarahCook, SeniorResearchAnalyst forChina,HongKong, andTaiwan SPECIAL REPORT January2020 「自由之家」在 2 月公布《 2020 年特 別報告─北京的全球傳聲筒》報告, 指出大陸彙整各種大外宣手段,將 媒體的報導塑造成其所偏愛的內容, 企圖控制輿論走向。( Photo Credit: FreedomHouse, https://freedomhouse. o r g / r e p o r t / s p e c i a l - r e p o r t / 2 0 2 0 / beijings-global-megaphone )

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